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English: comprehension

Comprehension tests understanding of a passage through retrieval, inference, vocabulary and the writer's choices. Grammar schools often use one long passage with many questions, so stamina and accurate referencing matter.

What is tested

  • Finding information directly stated in the text
  • Understanding meaning and vocabulary in context
  • The writer's purpose, tone and structure

Worked example

'The ferryman looked at the river, which was high, and then at the sky, which was worse.' What does 'which was worse' suggest?

  1. The river is already dangerous ('high').
  2. The sky is described as 'worse', meaning the weather looks even more threatening.
  3. So he expects conditions to get worse.

Answer: The weather looks even more threatening than the river

Exam-day checklist

  • Read the passage once for the big picture, then use the questions to reread.
  • Quote or paraphrase the exact line that proves your answer.
  • Answer what is asked: retrieval, inference or opinion.
  • Do not use outside knowledge.

Common mistakes

  • Answering from memory rather than the text.
  • Choosing an option that is true but not in the passage.
  • Copying long quotes without explaining them.

Try it yourself

1. A passage says 'Nadia had been helping Mr Ferreira for almost a year.' For how long has she helped?

Show answer

Almost a year

This is retrieval: the answer is stated directly.

2. 'Nobody answered her.' What does this suggest about the mood?

Show answer

Tense or uneasy

Silence in response to a child's question suggests the adults are troubled.

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