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Non-verbal reasoning: transformations

A transformation changes a shape by rotating, reflecting, resizing or shading. Identify each change separately, then apply all of them in order.

What is tested

  • Combined changes such as rotate and shade
  • Applying a rule to a new shape
  • Choosing between similar options

Worked example

A shape is enlarged and turned 90° clockwise. What is the first thing to do?

  1. List the changes: enlarge, rotate 90° clockwise.
  2. Apply each change to the new shape one at a time.

Answer: Name each change, then apply them one by one

Exam-day checklist

  • Compare size, direction, shading and position separately.
  • Write down each change.
  • Apply to the new shape in the same order.
  • Eliminate options that break any change.

Common mistakes

  • Missing a second change.
  • Confusing clockwise and anticlockwise.
  • Only checking the outline.

Try it yourself

1. Look at the two triangles. What changed?

Show answer

The shading

Only the fill changed.

2. The small L-shape becomes the larger L-shape. What two changes are there?

Show answer

Enlargement and rotation

Both size and orientation changed.

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