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English: inference and comprehension

Inference questions ask what the text suggests without stating it. Strong answers point to specific words in the passage as evidence — the same habit that earns marks in written Stage 2 comprehension. Three related words: a SUGGESTION is what the writer hints at; an INFERENCE is the reasonable conclusion you draw from that hint; a DEDUCTION is a conclusion the evidence makes certain. Most 11+ questions ask for inference: the best-supported reading, not the only possible one.

What is tested

  • What a character feels or intends, from what they do and say
  • Vocabulary in context
  • Writer's purpose and tone
  • Supporting an answer with evidence from the text

Worked example

Maya checked the door twice before bed, then pushed a chair under the handle. What does this suggest about how she feels?

  1. Notice what she does: checks twice, then blocks the door.
  2. These are cautious, protective actions, not casual ones.
  3. Conclusion: she feels nervous or unsafe. Evidence: 'checked the door twice' and 'pushed a chair under the handle'.

Answer: She feels nervous or unsafe (evidence: checking twice and blocking the door)

Exam-day checklist

  • Find the exact words or actions that carry the meaning.
  • Ask: what would someone who feels X do or say? Match it to the text.
  • Reject answers that are possible but not supported by the passage.
  • In written answers, quote a short phrase as evidence.

Common mistakes

  • Choosing an answer from general knowledge rather than from the text.
  • Stating a feeling without any evidence.
  • Picking an extreme option when the text only suggests something mild.

Try it yourself

1. 'The old dog lifted his head only when the biscuit tin rattled.' What does this suggest about the dog?

Show answer

He is old and rarely stirs, but still responds to food.

'Old' and 'only when' show he barely reacts, but the biscuit tin gets a response.

2. 'She gave a curt reply.' What does 'curt' most nearly mean?

Show answer

Brief and slightly rude

A curt reply is short and abrupt, often not friendly.

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