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Verbal reasoning: codes

Code questions ask you to spot a rule (usually shifting letters along the alphabet) and apply it to a new word. They reward a calm, systematic approach far more than speed.

What is tested

  • Letter-shift codes (each letter moves forwards or backwards by a fixed number)
  • Letter-to-number codes (A = 1, B = 2 ...)
  • Working out a code from one example and applying it to another word

Worked example

In a code, CAT is written DBU. What is the code for DOG?

  1. Compare each letter: C → D, A → B, T → U. Each letter moves 1 forward.
  2. Apply to DOG: D → E, O → P, G → H.

Answer: EPH

Exam-day checklist

  • Write out the alphabet (A-Z) if you need it — do not count in your head.
  • Test the rule on EVERY letter of the example, not just the first.
  • Apply the rule slowly, letter by letter, then re-check.
  • Watch for wrap-around at the end of the alphabet (Z + 1 = A).

Common mistakes

  • Assuming the rule from one letter without checking the rest.
  • Miscounting steps at the alphabet's ends.
  • Shifting in the wrong direction when decoding rather than encoding.

Try it yourself

1. Using a code where every letter moves 2 forwards, what is the code for BOOK?

Show answer

DQQM

B → D, O → Q, O → Q, K → M.

2. If A = 1, B = 2, C = 3 and so on, what is the total value of the letters in DAD?

Show answer

9

D = 4, A = 1, D = 4, and 4 + 1 + 4 = 9.

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More topic guides

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